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Venice Commission's Contribution to Development and Protection of Fundamental Human Rights
Illková, Natalie ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is European Commission for Democracy through Law, i.e. Venice Commission, and its work. The Venice Commission is an advisory body on constitutional matters of the Council of Europe. The Commission provides legal advice to its member states in the fields of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. The goal of this thesis is to determine whether Venice Commission's human rights agenda makes a substantial contribution to the human rights protection and if it does, then in what ways, i.e. what means it uses and to what extent are they effective. This diploma thesis is divided into seven parts, which are then further subdivided into chapters. In Part 1, the Venice Commission is introduced - with an emphasis on its structure and members. The following part continues to describe the different types of Venice Commission's activities and authored documents. In these documents, the Venice Commission provides states with legal advice on how to unify their legislation with the European standards of human rights protection. Part 3 records the 30-year development of this international body. In the next parts, the work focuses on the Venice Commission's activity in Europe and other regions. The text analyzes which systems of human rights protection are deployed in different...
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Lustration laws in Ukraine: Between post-communism and post-authoritarianism
Srb, Jáchym ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
The master thesis examines the phenomenon of lustration laws in Ukraine as a legal measure of transitional justice. It maps the history of unsuccessful attempts to adopt lustration laws from the independence in 1991 until the Euromaidan revolution in winter 2014. It then analyses the two lustration laws adopted in 2014 and their implementation between years 2014 and 2017. Finally it analyses the legal review that the laws have faced or are likely to face in the future. It comes to a conclusion that Ukrainian laws were not adopted after the independence in 1991 because of structural reasons and after the Orange Revolution in 2004 due to a lack of political will. In the second part, the thesis concludes that Ukrainian lustration laws adopted after Euromaidan were some of the most extensive ones in the region of post-communist Europe. Nevertheless, their implementation fell short of meeting most of their goals. In the third part, the thesis concludes that the laws might be spared constitutional review, but they are likely to face a negative scrutiny before the European Court of Human Rights.
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